Devices and methods for shortening a rectal stump during a lower anterior resection procedure

ABSTRACT

A loading unit for a circular stapling device includes a shell member, a staple pusher assembly operably disposed within the shell member, a knife pusher assembly operably disposed within the shell member, a trocar assembly operably disposed within the shell member, and a tissue retraction assembly disposed within the shell member between the knife pusher assembly and the trocar assembly. The shell member includes an elongate tubular portion. The trocar assembly includes a trocar member movable from an advance position and a retracted position. The tissue retraction assembly includes a tissue retractor.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation application claiming the benefit of and priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/321,622, filed on May 17, 2021 (now U.S. Pat. No. 11,642,131), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.

FIELD

The disclosure relates generally to devices and methods for forming an anastomosis after removing sections of diseased tissue from tubular organs, and more specifically, to devices and methods for shortening a rectal stump prior to forming an anastomosis during a lower anterior resection procedure.

BACKGROUND

Devices for performing lower anterior resection (LAR) procedures to treat rectal cancer are known. During LAR procedures, diseased portions of the rectum are removed and the healthy portion of the rectum is reconnected to the colon. Circular stapling devices for forming an end-to-end anastomosis are known. Typically, a section the colon is secured to an anvil assembly of the circular stapling device, and a section of the rectal stump is secured about a loading unit of the circular stapling device. The rectal stump is typically shortened as much as possible. Shortening the rectal stump to a desired length using traditional methods require additional devices that may be bulky or otherwise difficult to operate.

Therefore, it would be beneficial to have a circular stapling device configured for shortening a rectal stump prior to forming an anastomosis.

SUMMARY

A loading unit for a circular stapling device includes a shell member, a staple pusher assembly operably disposed within the shell member, a knife pusher assembly operably disposed within the shell member, a trocar assembly operably disposed within the shell member, and a tissue retraction assembly disposed within the shell member between the knife pusher assembly and the trocar assembly. The shell member includes an elongate tubular portion. The trocar assembly includes a trocar member movable from an advance position and a retracted position. The tissue retraction assembly includes a tissue retractor.

In certain aspects of the disclosure, the elongate tubular portion of the shell member is six to twelve inches in length. The elongate tubular portion may include inner and outer portions and defines a cavity between the inner and outer portions. The staple pusher assembly and the knife pusher assembly may be operably received within the cavity and may be movable between advanced and retracted positions.

In other aspects of the disclosure, the tissue retraction assembly includes a holder. The holder may define a longitudinal opening and may be selectively movable along the inner portion of the shell member. The tissue retractor may extend through the longitudinal opening in the holder. The tissue retractor may be longitudinally fixed relative to the holder.

A circular stapler includes an adapter assembly configured for operable connection to an actuation assembly and a loading unit. The includes a shell member, a staple pusher assembly operably disposed within the shell member, a knife pusher assembly operably disposed within the shell member, a trocar assembly operably disposed within the shell member, and a tissue retraction assembly disposed within the shell member between the knife pusher assembly and the trocar assembly. The shell member includes an elongate tubular portion. The trocar assembly includes a trocar member movable from an advance position and a retracted position. The tissue retraction assembly includes a tissue retractor.

In certain aspects of the disclosure, the elongate tubular portion of the shell member is six to twelve inches in length. The elongate tubular portion may include inner and outer portions and defines a cavity between the inner and outer portions. The staple pusher assembly and the knife pusher assembly may be operably received within the cavity and may be movable between advanced and retracted positions.

In other aspects of the disclosure, the tissue retraction assembly includes a holder. The holder may define a longitudinal opening and may be selectively movable along the inner portion of the shell member. The tissue retractor may extend through the longitudinal opening in the holder. The tissue retractor may be longitudinally fixed relative to the holder.

A method of forming an anastomosis includes receiving a loading unit within a rectal stump of a patient, advancing a tissue retractor from the loading unit, securing the tissue retractor to the rectal stump, retracting the tissue retractor within the loading unit such that the rectal stump is drawn within the loading unit to shorten the rectal and stump, clamping, stapling and cutting the rectal stump.

In certain aspects of the disclosure, securing the tissue retractor to the rectal stump includes stitching the rectal stump to the tissue retractor. Advancing the tissue retractor from the loading unit may also include advancing a holder. Retracting the tissue retractor includes retracting the holder. The method may further include positioning a staple cartridge of the loading unit adjacent an anus of the patient as the rectal stump is drawn within the loading unit. The method may also include securing a colon to an anvil assembly and securing the anvil assembly relative to the loading unit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Aspects of the disclosed devices and methods for shortening rectal stumps during a lower anterior resection procedure are described herein with reference to the drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective side view of a circular stapling apparatus according to aspects of the disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a perspective end view of the circular stapling apparatus shown in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 is a perspective side view of a loading unit of the circular stapling apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , with parts separated;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the indicated area of detail shown in FIG. 2 ;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view the loading unit shown in FIG. 3 received within a rectal stump of a patient;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the indicated area of detail shown in FIG. 5 ;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the indicated area of detail shown in FIG. 5 ;

FIG. 8 is cross-sectional end view of taken along lines 8-8 shown in FIG. 6 ;

FIG. 9 is a perspective end view of a shell member of the loading unit shown in FIG. 3 ;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional side view of a distal portion of the loading unit shown in FIG. 3 , with a tissue retractor of the loading unit in an advanced position and secured to the rectal stump;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional side view of the loading unit shown in FIG. 10 , with the tissue retractor in a retracted position;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional side view of the loading unit shown in FIG. 11 , with an anvil assembly secured to the trocar assembly of the loading unit;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional side view of the loading unit shown in FIG. 12 , with the anvil assembly in a clamped position and each of a staple pusher assembly and knife pusher assembly in advanced positions;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional side view of the loading unit shown in FIG. 13 , subsequent to forming an anastomosis and after removal from the anus; and

FIG. 15 is a flow chart of a method for forming an anastomosis during a lower anterior resection procedure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The disclosed devices and methods will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings in which like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding elements in each of the several views. However, it is to be understood that the aspects of the disclosure provided herein are merely exemplary of the disclosure and may be embodied in various forms. Well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the disclosure in unnecessary detail. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the disclosure in virtually any appropriately detailed structure.

In this description, the term “proximal” is used generally to refer to that portion of the device that is closer to a clinician, while the term “distal” is used generally to refer to that portion of the device that is farther from the clinician. In addition, the term “endoscopic” is used generally used to refer to endoscopic, laparoscopic, arthroscopic, and/or any other procedure conducted through small diameter incision or cannula. Further, the term “clinician” is used generally to refer to medical personnel including doctors, nurses, and support personnel. As used herein, the term “about” means that the numerical value is approximate and small variations would not significantly affect the practice of the disclosed embodiments. Where a numerical limitation is used, unless indicated otherwise by the context, “about” means the numerical value can vary by ±10% and remain within the scope of the disclosed embodiments.

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a circular stapling device shown generally as circular stapler 10, including a circular loading unit shown generally as loading unit 100. The circular stapler 10 includes a handle assembly 12, an adapter assembly or elongate body 14, the loading unit 100, and an anvil assembly 18 supportable for movement in relation to the loading unit 100 between spaced (FIG. 12 ) and approximated (FIG. 13 ) or clamped positions, as is known in the art. A proximal portion 14 a of the adapter assembly 14 is releasably coupled to the handle assembly 12, and the loading unit 100 is releasably coupled to a distal portion 14 b of the adapter assembly 14. The handle assembly 12 includes a stationary grip 20 that supports actuation buttons 22 for controlling operation of various functions of the circular stapler 10 including approximation of the loading unit 100 and anvil assembly 18, firing of staples from the circular reload 100, and cutting or coring of tissue (not shown) clamped between the loading unit 100 and the anvil assembly 18. Although the handle assembly 12, adapter assembly 14, and loading unit 100 are shown as separate components that are releasably coupled to one another, it is envisioned that any one or all of the components may be integrally formed.

The circular stapler 10 is illustrated as an electrically powered stapling device including an electrically powered handle assembly 12 that may support one or more batteries (not shown). The elongate body 14 is in the form of an adapter assembly that translates power from the handle assembly 12 to the loading unit 100 and anvil assembly 18. Examples of electrically powered stapling devices can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,055,943, 9,023,014, and U.S. Publication Nos. 2018/0125495 (“the '495 Publication”), and 2017/0340351, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. Although shown and disclosed as relating to a powered handle assembly, it is envisioned that the aspects of the disclosure may be incorporated into manually operated stapling devices. For exemplary manually actuated stapling devices, please refer to U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,364,060, and 7,303,106. It is also envisioned that the aspects of the disclosure may be incorporated into robotically controlled stapling devices.

FIG. 3 illustrates the loading unit 100 of the circular stapler 10 which includes a shell member or housing 110, a staple cartridge 120 for supporting a plurality of staples “S”, a staple pusher assembly 130, a knife pusher assembly 140 positionable radially inward of the staple pusher assembly 130, a trocar assembly 150 positionable radially inward of the knife pusher assembly 140, and a tissue retraction assembly 160 positionable between the trocar assembly 150 and the knife pusher assembly 140. As will become apparent from the following disclosure, loading unit 100 is structurally and functional similar to known loading units, and therefore only the difference therebetween will be described in detail. For a detailed description of exemplary loading units, please refer to the '495 Publication.

The shell member 110 of the loading unit 100 includes a connector portion 112 on a proximal portion 110 a for operable connection to the adapter assembly 14 and a tubular portion 114 extending from the connector portion 112. The connector portion 112 supports a locking sleeve 116 and a locking ring 118. Although shown including the locking sleeve 116 and the locking ring 118, it is envisioned that the loading unit 100 may be releasably secured to the adapter assembly 14 in any suitable manner. The tubular portion 114 of the shell member 110 includes an outer housing portion 114 a and an inner housing portion 114 b spaced from the outer housing portion 112 to define an annular cavity 113 (FIG. 9 ). The annular cavity 113 is configured to operably receive the staple pusher assembly 130, the knife pusher assembly 140, and the tissue retraction assembly 160. The inner housing portion 114 b is configured to operably receive the trocar assembly 140 and includes a tapered distal end 114 c. The shell member 110 of the loading unit 100 defines an opening 115 (FIG. 4 ), disposed between the connector portion 112 and the tubular portion 114, and in fluid communication with the annular cavity 113. A distal portion 110 b of the shell member 110 is configured to support the staple cartridge 120. The shell member 110 includes a length sufficient to accommodate shortening of the rectal stump as described below. The shell member 110 may be from about two to about six times longer than a shell member of a traditional circular stapling loading unit. It is envisioned that the shell member 110 may be anywhere from three inches (3″) to ten inches (10″) in length.

The staple cartridge 120 of the loading unit 100 is supportable on the distal portion 110 b of the shell member 110 and defines annular rows of staple pockets 121. Each of the staple pockets 121 supports one of the plurality of staples “S”. Although shown including three rows of staple pockets 121, it is envisioned that the staple cartridge 120 may support any number of annular of staples “S” in any suitable configuration.

The staple pusher assembly 130 of the loading unit 100 includes a staple pusher base 132, a staple pusher extension 134, and a staple pusher member 136. The staple pusher assembly 130 is movable within the annular cavity 113 (FIG. 4 ) of the shell member 110 between a retracted position (FIG. 5 ) and an advanced position (FIG. 13 ), to eject the staples “S” from the staple cartridge 120. The staple pusher member 136 of the staple pusher assembly 130 includes a plurality of fingers 138 corresponding to the staple pockets 121 of the staple cartridge 120. The plurality of fingers 138 are movable through the respective staple pockets 121 to eject the staples “S” from the staple pockets 121 when the staple pusher assembly 130 is moved from the retracted position (FIG. 5 ) to the advanced position (FIG. 13 ) within the shell member 110. The staple pusher extension 134 includes a length configured to accommodate the increased length of the shell member 110. A detailed description of the structure and function of exemplary staple pusher assemblies is provided in the '495 Publication, the content of which was previously incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

The knife pusher assembly 140 of the loading unit 100 includes a knife pusher base 142, a knife pusher extension 144, and an annular knife 146. The knife assembly 140 is movable within the annular cavity 113 (FIG. 4 ) of the shell member 110 between a retracted position (FIG. 5 ) and an advanced position (FIG. 13 ) to cut the tissue. The knife pusher assembly 140 is advanceable independent of the advancement of the staple pusher assembly 130, although simultaneous advancement is envisioned. The knife pusher extension 144 includes a length configured to accommodate the increased length of the shell member 110. A detailed description of the structure and function of exemplary knife pusher assemblies is provided in the '495 Publication.

The trocar assembly 150 of the loading unit 100 includes a trocar housing 152, a trocar member 154 extending from the trocar housing 152, and a drive member 156 rotatable supported within the trocar housing 152. A sleeve 158 is receivable about the trocar member 154 and is configured to reduce friction between the trocar member 154 and the inner wall 114 b of the shell member 110. The trocar housing 152 of the trocar assembly 150 is configured to be releasably secured within the distal portion 14 b of the adapter assembly 14 (FIG. 1 ) of the circular stapler 10, to permit sterilization and reuse of the trocar assembly 150. Alternatively, the trocar assembly 150 is integrally formed with the adapter assembly 14.

The trocar member 154 of the trocar assembly 150 includes an internally threaded proximal portion 154 a (FIG. 5 ), an elongate central portion 154 b, and a sharpened distal portion 154 c. The proximal, central, and distal portions 154 a, 154 b, 154 c may be integrally formed and/or formed as separate components that are secured together in any suitable manner. The drive member 156 of the trocar assembly 150 includes a proximal portion 156 a configured to engage a rotary drive member (not shown) extending through the adapter assembly 14 and a threaded distal portion 156 b for engaging the internally threaded proximal portion 154 a of the trocar member 154. Rotation of the drive member 156 in a first direction causes advancement of the trocar member 154 relative to the trocar housing 154, and rotation of the drive member 156 in a second direction causes retraction of the trocar member 154 relative to the trocar housing 152. The elongate central portion 154 b of the trocar member 154 includes a length configured to accommodate the increased length of the shell member 110. A detailed description of the structure and function of exemplary trocar assemblies is provided in the '495 Publication.

The tissue retraction assembly 160 of the loading unit 100 includes a holder or guide 162 and a tissue retractor 164 extending through the holder 162. The holder 162 is configured to be received about the inner housing portion 114 b of the tubular portion 114 of the shell member 110. As will be described in further detail below, the holder 162 of the tissue retraction assembly 160 is configured to slide along the inner housing portion 114 a of the shell assembly 110 during tissue retraction. The holder 162 defines a longitudinal opening 163 for receiving a distal portion of the tissue retractor 164. The tissue retractor 164 includes a piercing distal tip 164 b and defines an eye 165 along the distal portion thereof.

The loading unit 100 includes a bushing 170 positionable within the connector portion 112 of the shell member 110 to ensure the connection between the staple pusher base 132 of the staple pusher assembly 130 and a staple driver (not shown) and between the knife pusher base 142 of the knife pusher assembly 140 and a knife drive (not shown).

A method of performing an anastomosis procedure, including shortening of the rectal stump, during a lower anterior resection (LAR) procedure utilizing the loading unit 100 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 5-15 . Initially, using conventional means, the clinician removes a diseased section of a tubular organ leaving a rectal stump “St” (FIG. 5 ). The rectal stump “St” may include any length “L”, and does not require shortening prior to use of the circular stapler 10 (FIG. 1 ).

FIGS. 5-8 illustrates the loading unit 100 of the circular stapler 10 received through an anus “A” and within a rectal stump “St” a patient during an LAR procedure. The loading unit 100 is configured such that the proximal portion of the shell member 110 remains external of the anus “A” while the cartridge assembly 120 on the distal portion of the shell member 110 is positioned adjacent a distal portion of the rectal stump “St”. In this manner, the tissue retractor 164 of the tissue retraction assembly 160 remains accessible to the clinician.

Prior to introducing the loading unit 100 through the anus “A” and into the rectal stump “St” of the patient, each of the stapler pusher assembly 130, the knife pusher assembly 140, the trocar member 154 of the trocar assembly 150, and the tissue retraction assembly 160 of the loading unit 100 is in their retracted positions. More particularly, the staple pusher assembly 130 and the knife pusher assembly 140 are in their proximal-most positions within the shell member 110, and the trocar member 154 is retained entirely with inner housing portion 114 b of the shell member 110. The tissue retraction assembly 160 is positioned in the cavity 113 between the knife pusher assembly 130 and the inner housing portion 114 b. The holder 162 of the tissue retraction assembly 160 is in its distal-most position about the inner housing portion 114 b of the shell member 110 and the piercing distal tip 164 b of the tissue retractor 164 of the tissue retraction assembly 160 is spaced from the staple cartridge 120.

FIG. 10 illustrates securing the rectal stump “St” to the tissue retractor 164 of the tissue retraction assembly 160. More particularly, the tissue retractor 164 is moved distal, e.g., advanced, as indicated by arrows “a”, such that the piercing distal tip 164 b of the tissue retractor 164 pierces the rectal stump “St”. The tissue retractor 164 is advanced until the eye 165 of the tissue retractor 164 is positioned adjacent a distal portion of the rectal stump “St”. The rectal stump “St” is then secured to the tissue retractor 164 in any suitable manner. As shown, the rectal stump “St” is secured to the tissue retractor 164 using a suture “s”. It is envisioned that the tissue retractor may include a hook or other grasping mechanism for securing the rectal stump “St” to the tissue retractor 164. As shown, tissue retractor 164 of the tissue retraction assembly 160 is longitudinally fixed relative to the holder 162. In this manner, advancement of the tissue retractor 164 causes advancement of the holder 162 and retraction of the tissue retractor 164 causes retraction of the holder 162. It is envisioned that the tissue retractor 164 may move independent of the holder 162.

FIG. 11 illustrates the rectal stump “St” of the patient being retracted, or more particularly, invaginated, within the loading unit 100. More particularly, movement of the tissue retractor 164 in the proximal direction, e.g., retraction, as indicated by arrow “b”, causes the rectal stump “St” to be retracted within the cavity 113 of the shell member 110 between the knife pusher extension 144 and annular knife 146 of the knife pusher assembly 140 and the inner housing portion 114 b of the shell member 110. As noted above, because the tissue retractor 164 is longitudinally fixed relative to the holder 162, retraction of the tissue retractor 164 causes simultaneous retraction of the holder 162. The tissue retractor 164 is retracted relative to the shell member 110 unit the rectal stump “St” includes a length “1”. The length “1” may include any length that the clinician determines most suited for the anastomosis procedure. The increased length of the shell member 110 accommodates a rectal stump “St” of any length.

As the rectal stump “St” is retracted within the shell member 110 of the loading unit 100, the loading unit 100 is gradually retracted through the anus “A” until the staple cartridge 120 on the distal end of the loading unit 100 is positioned adjacent the anus “A”.

FIG. 12 illustrates the anvil assembly 18 being secured to the trocar member 154 of the trocar assembly 150 of the loading unit 100. Prior to securing the anvil assembly 18 to the trocar member 154, a section of intestine “I” is secured about a head assembly 18 a of the anvil assembly 18. Traditionally, tissue is secured to about the head assembly 18 a of the anvil assembly 18 using a purse-string suture (not shown). The trocar member 154 is moved to a distal position to facilitate attachment of the anvil assembly 18 to the trocar member 154.

FIG. 13 illustrates the loading unit 100 during stapling and cutting of the rectal stump “St” and section of intestine “I” to form the anastomosis “a”. More particularly, the staple pusher assembly 130 and the knife pusher assembly 140 are shown in their advanced positions. As noted previously, the staple pusher assembly 130 and the knife pusher assembly 140 may be advance independently or simultaneously. Prior to advancement of the staple pusher assembly 130, retraction of the trocar member 154 of the trocar assembly 150 approximates the anvil assembly 18 relative to the staple cartridge 120 to clamp the tissue of the rectal stump “St” and the section of intestine “I” between the head assembly 18 a of the anvil assembly 18 and the staple cartridge 120 of the loading unit 100.

FIG. 14 illustrates the loading unit 100 subsequent to the forming of the anastomosis “α” and removal of the loading unit 100 from the anus “A” of the patient. To permit allow for tilting of the head assembly 18 a of the anvil assembly 18, the anvil assembly 18 is first advanced relative to the loading unit 100 by advancing the trocar member 154 of the trocar assembly 100. Once the head assembly 18 a of the anvil assembly 18 is move away from the staple cartridge 120 of the loading unit 100, the head assembly 18 a pivots to the tilted position to permit removal of the anvil assembly 18 and loading unit 100 from the anus “A”. A waste section of the rectal stump “StW” is removed with the loading unit 100 and disposed of in a traditional manner. A remaining section of the rectal stump “StR” is secured to the section of intestine “I” at the anastomosis “α”.

It is envisioned that the loading unit may be configured for single use, e.g., disposable, or may be configured for sterilization and reuse. The loading units 100 are available in various lengths and diameters, and with various staple configurations.

FIG. 15 is a flow chart of the method of forming an anastomosis 500 including shortening of a rectal stump. In review, initially, the method includes identifying the diseased tissue and separating the diseased tissue from the surrounding healthy tissue 510. Next, the method includes introducing a loading unit of a circular stapler through the anus of a patient and into the rectal stump 520. The method then includes advancing a tissue retractor of the loading unit distally to pierce the rectal stump 530 and securing the rectal stump to the tissue retractor 540. Next, the method includes retracting the tissue retractor to draw the rectal stump into the loading unit, thereby shortening the rectal stump 550. At any time after forming the first and second sections of tubular tissue, the method includes securing the first section of the tissue to an anvil assembly 560. The method of then includes completing the anastomosis procedure 570, which entail securing the anvil assembly relative to the loading unit, clamping the tissue to be stapled, stapling the clamped tissue, and cutting the clamped tissue.

Persons skilled in the art will understand that the devices and methods specifically described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are non-limiting exemplary aspects of the disclosure. It is envisioned that the elements and features illustrated or described in connection with one exemplary aspect of the disclosure may be combined with the elements and features of another without departing from the scope of the disclosure. As well, one skilled in the art will appreciate further features and advantages of the disclosure based on the above-described aspects of the disclosure. Accordingly, the disclosure is not to be limited by what has been particularly shown and described, except as indicated by the appended claims. 

1. (canceled)
 2. A loading unit for a circular stapling device, the loading unit comprising: a shell member having an elongate tubular portion; a staple pusher assembly operably disposed within the shell member; a knife pusher assembly operably disposed within the shell member and radially within the staple pusher assembly; a trocar assembly operably disposed within the shell member and radially within the knife pusher assembly; and a tissue retraction assembly disposed at least partially within the shell member and radially between the knife pusher assembly and the trocar assembly, the tissue retraction assembly including a tissue retractor having a piercing distal tip and a proximal end extending proximally from the shell member.
 3. The loading unit of claim 2, wherein the elongate tubular portion of the shell member is six to twelve inches in length.
 4. The loading unit of claim 2, wherein the elongate tubular portion includes inner and outer portions and defines a cavity between the inner and outer portions.
 5. The loading unit of claim 4, wherein the staple pusher assembly and the knife pusher assembly are operably received within the cavity and are movable between advanced and retracted positions.
 6. The loading unit of claim 4, wherein the tissue retraction assembly includes a holder, the holder defining a longitudinal opening and being selectively movable along the inner portion of the shell member.
 7. The loading unit of claim 2, wherein the trocar assembly includes a trocar member movable between an advanced position and a retracted position.
 8. A circular stapler comprising: a handle assembly; an elongate body extending from the handle assembly; and a loading unit selectively connectable to a distal end of the elongate body, the loading unit including: a shell member having an elongate tubular portion; a staple pusher assembly operably disposed within the shell member; a knife pusher assembly operably disposed within the shell member and radially within the staple pusher assembly; a trocar assembly operably disposed within the shell member and radially within the knife pusher assembly; and a tissue retraction assembly disposed at least partially within the shell member and radially between the knife pusher assembly and the trocar assembly, the tissue retraction assembly including a tissue retractor having a piercing distal tip and a proximal end extending proximally from the shell member.
 9. The circular stapler of claim 8, wherein the elongate tubular portion of the shell member is six to twelve inches in length.
 10. The circular stapler of claim 8, wherein the elongate tubular portion includes inner and outer portions and defines a cavity between the inner and outer walls.
 11. The circular stapler of claim 10, wherein the staple pusher assembly and the knife pusher assembly are operably received within the cavity and are movable between advanced and retracted positions.
 12. The circular stapler of claim 10, wherein the tissue retraction assembly includes a holder, the holder defining a longitudinal opening and being selectively movable along the inner portion of the shell member.
 13. The circular stapler of claim 12, wherein the tissue retractor extends through the longitudinal opening in the holder.
 14. The circular stapler of claim 13, wherein the tissue retractor is longitudinally fixed relative to the holder.
 15. A method of forming an anastomosis, the method comprising: receiving a loading unit within a rectal stump of a patient; advancing a tissue retractor from the loading unit; piercing the rectal stump with a distal tip of the tissue retractor; securing the distal tip of the tissue retractor to the rectal stump by stitching the rectal stump to the tissue retractor; retracting the tissue retractor within the loading unit such that the rectal stump is drawn within the loading unit to shorten the rectal stump; and clamping, stapling and cutting the rectal stump.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the distal tip of the tissue retractor defines an eye, and wherein securing the distal tip of the tissue retractor to the rectal stump includes stitching the rectal stump to the eye of the distal tip.
 17. The method of claim 15, wherein advancing the tissue retractor from the loading unit includes advancing a holder.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein retracting the tissue retractor includes retracting the holder.
 19. The method of claim 15, further including positioning a staple cartridge of the loading unit adjacent an anus of the patient as the rectal stump is drawn within the loading unit.
 20. The method of claim 15, wherein retracting the tissue retractor within the loading unit includes retracting the distal tip of the tissue retractor into a knife pusher assembly of the loading unit to draw the rectal stump into the knife pusher assembly. 